1. Describe a major
social cleavage in China. Discuss two policies the Chinese state has adopted
since 1990 in response to that cleavage.
- Ethnic (Xinjiang, Tibet, Uighurs)
- Urban/rural
- Interior/coastal or East/West
- Generational
- Class, rich/poor, income
- Gender
Note: A very short description is enough as long as a division is implied. The following responses DO NOT earn credit -- religion, generally or by name; a place name; elite/non elite; party/non-party; an issue of controversy -- Falun Gong
Instead of a Ch. 10 Hauss China Quiz, your quiz will be to answer the short answer concept question above and the two "Flipped" lesson questions below.
Wukan is a city in the South of China (near Hong Kong) that featured a significant protest and unprecedented response by the CCP.
http://youtu.be/NXsmNIgJsGc
2. Which of the following is TRUE of the 2011 protests in Wukan?
A. Wukan's protest ended similarly to the 1989 protest in Tiananmen Square,
B. The CCP refused to listen to the Wukan protesters and the leaders of the protest are now "enemies of the State."
C. The protest stemmed from corrupt behavior of CCP officials in Wukan.
D. The protest did not last long enough to force the CCP to respond to protesters demands.
E. The protest was an anomaly; there are very few protests against the CCP or the Chinese government.
3. Explain how the events in Wukan connect the CompGov concept of Democratization.
____________________________________________________________
Rich Dog, Poor Dog -- China's new class struggle. From Foreign PolicyA Dog's Life in China -- 15 remarkable photographs of country dogs and city dogs, strays and pets, ladies and tramps.
(From Teaching Comparative blog) Textbook authors are keen to impress on readers that the kind of ethnic cleavages seen in places like Nigeria and Russia are mostly absent in China. That oversimplification glosses over Xinjiang, Tibet, and the massive programs to encourage Han Chinese to move to provinces near the border.
Keep in mind that Xinjiang is one of those places (geographic cleavage) where ethnic Uighurs (ethnic cleavage) who used to dominate the population are practicing Muslims (religious cleavage). Note that all those cleavages coincide, and you know what that means. Add to that the political tradition represented by the Chinese maxim, "Heaven is high and the Emperor is far away."
Fast and loose: The party’s interference in the observance of Ramadan stokes grievances in China’s north-west
Xinjiang, the vast region in whose west lies the old Silk Road city of Kashgar, has a history of tension between the ethnic-Turkic, mostly Muslim, Uighurs who used to make up most of its population, and the authorities, dominated by ethnic-Han Chinese. During Ramadan, which comes to an end on August 19th, that tension has been exacerbated by the government’s intervention in religious practice.
It has been discouraging, and in some places even banning, Communist Party cadres, government officials, students and schoolchildren from fasting and attending mosques during working hours…
Groups representing Uighur exiles say that this year the campaign has been more intense than usual. Xinjiang’s government has denied forcing people to break the fast. Hou Hanmin, a spokeswoman, was quoted by Global Times, a party-owned newspaper, saying that the government did, however, “encourage residents to eat properly for study and work purposes.”
This is resented by many Uighurs as yet another encroachment on their traditions. Kashgar is rapidly becoming a Chinese city like many others… In Xinjiang as a whole, Uighurs and other minorities are now outnumbered by Han Chinese.
43 comments:
1. generational cleavage: the youth of china have more freedom than any of their parents or grandparents could have imagine, and this grants them a certain amount of "freedom", where they are exposed to more events and items around the world. in return, the CCP has made the party look more and more accessible and made it almost a necessity to join to move further in life. as the youth get more and more tidbits of democracy, or civil liberties, the CCP has had to adapt to maintain control over the populace. we see this with the relaxation of the one child policy as well as the increase in public participation in government polls.
2. C
3. wukan illustrates the weakening of power of the authoritarian CCP in rural areas, which could then spread to urban areas. while the villagers probably have no idea of the word or meaning of democratization, it is still a significant step forward because it is such a large protest against the normally strong and stable CCP. the CCP has to balance its authoritarianism while adapting to the new wave of ideology
1. In response to the increased urban/rural income gap, the state implemented the Rural Retirement Social Insurance program. Since the Party had only focused on the education, healthcare, and welfare of major cities, rural China lacked development. The Rural Retirement Social Insurance Program was established in order to alleviate the financial burden of rural citizens with little savings. In response to the gender cleavage, in 2002 the state outlawed the use of fore to make a woman submit to an abortion or sterilization. China was/is a patriarchal society where women have little control over their bodies. The one-child policy favors males over females and also does not allow women to exercise freedom over their bodies.
2. C
3. Wukan displays some elements of democratization in China. The protest in itself was led by citizens voicing their opinions. These rural Chinese took a stand against the corruption. However, this is an extremely small step in the process towards democratization. The state censored any information about Wukan and used the police force to quiet the more radical protestors.
1.A major social cleavage in China would be the current race and ethnical issues. Several minorities, such as the people of Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Uighurs have clashed with the CCP in recent years, and they have taken several steps to solve the issue. One policy is the crackdown on protest by ethnic minorities and use of military to maintain order. Another is restricting information into and out of ethnic minority regions.
2.C
3.The events in Wukan connect to the concept of democratization because the Chinese people were exercising their will of free speech and they were shut down by the CCP. This demonstrates the willingness of the rural population to stand up against the CCP, which is a small but sure step towards the beginnings of democratization.
1. One major social cleavage in China is the Urban/rural cleavage. In the urban parts of China, the population usually has better jobs with higher wages, higher educational levels, and better technology then the rural parts of China. Which is why rural areas are now trying to modify their education programs along with more educational buildings. Then to help give farmers a higher wage china then began to subsidize more crops.
2. C
3. These events connect to the CompGov concept of Democratization by showing how people are sick of being controlled by an authoritarian government and demonstrate the power to stand up against it. They show that the people have the power to influence the government and once one town gets the taste of democracy, soon the others around it will join.
1. The cleavage between different ethnic minorities (such as the Uighurs, Xinjiang, and Tibetans) and the Han majority has led to widespread resentment of Han domination. The Chinese state has used force to put down any protest that has occurred, a policy which seemingly has had the opposite effect than what they wanted. They have also continued to assert Han dominance by implementing state infrastructure and limiting the ability of ethnic groups to practice certain cultural customs.
2. C
3. These events connect to the concept of democratization because the people were using their own free speech and free will to express contempt with their government, even though this expression of contempt was severely repressed and censored by the govenment. This is a step forward for the people, especially rural citizens, because their voices were heard in at least some way.
Ethnic cleavage is a major social cleavage in China, primarily in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Uighurs. The conflict is centered upon the regions desire for autonomy, and the CCP's refusal and on occasion, military action. The Government has also resorted to limiting the amount of information available to those regions, and further censoring the information that they do make available.
2. C
3. The Wukan protests demonstrate the CCP has limited power in rural China, which the people of Wukan took full advantage of with their protests. This is a solid first step towards democratization, however, it very well may prove insignificant if the CCP can manage to keep it quiet and maintain stronger control over rural regions in the future.
FRQ look fors:
(Country context) Economic liberalization in Russia ((1991-present), in China (1978-present) -- for better, worse.
(Definitions & Descriptions)
Guanxi, illiberal democracy, Near Abroad, Chechyna, Ukraine, princeling, Chinese legal reforms.
1) A major social cleavage in China is gender. China is making new laws and raising awareness about domestic violence and sexual harassment in China. Also they are making laws and convicting people who have sex-selected abortions.
2) C
3) The events in Wukan illustrate democratization with their use of voting in the town for an elected official and their use of free speech. It also shows how the influence of the CCP is becoming weaker in rural China and then possibly all over China.
1. Urban/rural cleavage: The income disparity between rural Chinese and urban Chinese is one of the greatest in the world. Urban citizens have higher paying jobs, better standard of living, easier access to education and medicine, and more. The CCP has sought to fix this in two ways. The first is to pump massive subsidies into rural towns in order to fund welfare programs. This will allow the ultra-poor to have access to medicine and food. Second, there is a new emphasis on education in rural China. This is meant to help the rural poor get better jobs.
2.C
3. The ideas of democratization are shown through the villagers standing up against corruption. They see the CCP as having too much power and they were willing to stick to the protest for a long duration. It is an act of rebellion against the CCP and it shows that the villagers are willing to stand up for their beliefs, a key to democratization.
1. I believe there is a huge gender cleavage in China. After the one child policy and the cultural reference that men have greater significance as a offspring, China created a small women to men ratio. This means there is a lot of competition in both gender spheres. There is a lot of competition to succeed (through the CCP), for a man to gain a women, and for a women to educate herself.
2. C
3. We don't think that China even has an ability to promote democracy, but the events in Wukan shows that the villagers are against the corruption of the CCP. They are able to rise up to the occasion and voice their concern. This ability is a key in democracy, and a indication that there might be a powerstruggle from people in generations to come.
1. One major social cleavage in China is between the CCP and other ethnicities, such as the Tibetans, Uighurs, and Xinjiang. These minorities have clashed with the CCP on many occasions. These ethnicities want to be able to rule themselves but the CCP is doesn't want that and so they've taken many steps in the past to ensure it doesn't happen. Firstly, there is an increased attempt at censoring more information so the amount of information that could possibly get to these minorities, doesn't. And secondly, the use of the military to crackdown on any protests that occur for or by these ethnicities.
2. C
3. The events in Wukan connect to the concept of democratization because the villagers were exercising their freedom to speech and trying to become more of a part in the government at a a local level by being able to decide what the land could be used for. While this only made a small impact, it is a huge step in the right direction for the Chinese.
1) Rural vs. Urban Cleavage- Urban China is where most of the economic growth and modernization of the past couple decades has occurred. Meanwhile, standard conditions have improved little in rural China. This creates a cleavage between the urban "haves" and the rural "have nots". In order to improve some of the conditions is rural China and get rid of the cleavages, the government has allowed TVE's- factories and businesses owned and run by local government and private entrepreneurs- to form. The government also got rid of communal farms and implemented the Household Responsibility System.
2) C
3) The Wukan protests illustrate that the people in China want to be heard. Many of them, although they may not be ready for total toppling of the CCP, at least are sick and tired of being ignored. This could pave the way for further destruction of the CCP and perhaps cause the party to adopt more democratic principles.
1. There is a major urban/rural cleavage in China. The urban are well off while the rural are very poor. To improve this, the CCP has increased government funding in rural areas for necesities and also encouraged more education.
2. C
3. Wakun shows that things need to evolve. In order for the CCP to have its people happy, they need to step away from their authoritarian ways. Specifically, they need democratization.
http://politicalwarriorwv.blogspot.com/2013/03/russian-cleavages.html
Check out a similar post of Russian Cleavages (especially Chechnya) in the Political Warrior archives.
1. There is a large urban/rural gap in China, which stems from political and education centers being centered in major cities. Those who are raised in large cities have many more opportunities presented to them, and social mobility is possible. In rural areas social mobility is unheard of, and they often are mistreated by the government. Many Chinese people living in rural areas do not have hukou (household registration) even though they are legal citizens of China. Urban dwellers have a much higher priority over rural dwellers. Since 1995 China has spent 10 billion yuan for compulsory education in rural areas. Also there is the Rural Retirement Social Insurance program, where social security is established to aid all citizens.
2. C
3. The protests in Wukan display democratization because they are making an effort to be heard by political leaders. They want to have influence in their community, and they are fighting against corruption of CCP officials through their large protests. The CCP is losing their hold over the people.
1. A major social cleavage in China is the gender cleavage. Even with the One Child Policy in China, the government still allows families whose first child is a girl to have another child in hopes for a boy. Also, only recently, the Chinese government has outlawed forced abortions, especially sex-selective abortions for non-medical. reasons.
2.C
3. The events at Wukan connect to democratization because these people were trying to exercise their rights to free speech and assembly. This is the beginning of a possible up rise from the people, in hopes of becoming a democratic country.
1. Probably the biggest cleavage in China is the discrepancies between rural areas and cities. It is almost impossible for someone to make a decent living outside of the cities.
2. C
3. Wukan illustrates the drive the Chinese have for change, and if it continues could eventually yield results. But only time shall tell if it truly does.
1. China has always had a huge problem in dealing with the social cleavage between male and females. Chinese culture prizes sons. This bias has led to discrimination towards females not only socially, but also in terms of their economic growth and political involvement. This gap has led China to revamp and create legislation like the Labor Law and the Regulations on the Scope of Prohibited Labor for Female workers. While the names seem to benefit women, these laws actually instill the stereotype that women are weak: female workers are barred from work that seem "physically demanding". Although China acknowledges they need to decrease discrimination towards females, they have yet to push for any policies that does just that.
2. c
3. Wukan is the perfect example of how the people are taking control of how things should be governed. They are quite Lockian in their tactics. People are upset with the government and have "grievances" so they are reacting in protest. Reporters are also saying that the movement is practically unanimous in the village of 20 thousand. The people are speaking and shaping how the government should be in Wukan and that is the epitome of democracy.
1. A major cleavage in China is the urban-rural gap. With most of the economic growth in the cities, the government has spent most of its time worrying about the cities and regulating the economy there rather than spending all of the money to help a few farmers, but with lack of enough regulation the farmers have become less successful.
2. C
3. The Wukan protests illustrate the weakening power that the authoritarian CCP has over all the people. The protest is led by citizens, while a small step towards democratization, it is key to the authoritarian rule to change slowly if it still wants to maintain power.
1. The most prevalent social cleavage in China is the urban to rural gap in terms of wealth. The rural people struggle with making a living off of what they have, and the corruption of their government does not help any.
2. C
3. Democratization in part deals with the people using their voices to be heard. In this case, people are not happy with the ways of their government, and take action to attack the issue.
1. A major social cleavage in China today and for many years has been the urban/rural income gap. During the 1980s, the Maoist-era communes were dismantled and replaced by the Household responsibility system which divided collective farms into small plots which were worked by families. These reforms proved to be successful and production increased 10% per year during the 1980s. The gap between urban and rural standards of living was cut off by 30%. However, today most peasants make less than $100 a month. As a result, many young people are leaving the rural areas and heading for urban areas like Shanghai. Which leads into the generational cleavage. The young people in China have more freedom than their parents and grandparents and the CCP offers college students good jobs. This leads to many youth in China working for the CCP and giving the party a lot more support The youth also have a stronger voice in government and have access to Special economic zones for future careers.
2. C
3. The events in Wukan display democratization in China. This was one of the few times that the Chinese people have voiced their opinions in public which is a step towards democracy. This shows that even the powerful CCP can be protested against and may end up changing some of its policies in the near future due to the wukan protest.
1. The biggest social cleavage is the discrepancy of income between the different classes. This is not seen to much because of China's political culture in the way they respect the hierarchy but when a government official fails to preform the way a poor sector would expect the built up anger explodes. The Government has tried to lessen the income gaps by privatizing more and more industries and allowing the people to earn more money but , as we discussed in class, this can lead to corruption and general unrest because now the poor have more power and want to be heard.
2.C
3. Wukan demonstrates democratization because of the way they banned together to decide their own leader. when they were finally able to vote I think this is China giving in to the demands of the people for democracy and the turn away from the Chinese accepting a more Confucius ideology.
1. Gender inequality is a major social cleavage in China With the implementation of the One Child Policy in 1979, most families were only allowed to have one child, and the overwhelming majority preferred to have sons, causing massive surges in female infanticide. Because of this, the ratio of male to female births in China is 100:120, as of November 2013. According to bloomberg.com, the policy allowed many rural families in China to have more than one kid if their first child was a girl, in hopes of having a boy the second time around. To combat the gender inequality, China has recently outlawed selective-sex abortions and attempted to improve the medical systems used by family planning organizations to have more accurate reports on births, abortions, and pregnancies. Despite their measures, however, females infants and children still often hold a stigma, and women still have lower income, occupational segregation, and have a higher rate of being laid off to in relation to their male counterparts.
2. C
3. The events in Wukan illustrate a move towards democratization, as people started to voice their opinions and make an effort to take part in their government so it can benefit them. It demonstrates the decreasing influence that the CCP is having in China.
1.) Generational cleavages between the young and the old are high in China. The old are used to having less freedom and being stifled in China while the young have more freedoms and have experienced a less stifling China. The younger generation now also has to deal with the one child policy which has slowly been realzing if you submit a form to the CCP requesting a second child. They public opinions polls have also been introduced which makes the nation a bit more democratic since people now at least get a voice in politics unlike the generation before.
2.) C
3.) Wukan definitely shows some signs of democratization in rural China. They're not just laying down and letting their land be taken. They're actually participating in an open revolt and openly going head to head with the CCP. This is giving them a bit of a voice or at least moving them towards making a change in policy in China through direct opposition to the government.
1. I think one of the most significant social cleavage in China is the urban/rural issue. This issue has significantly become a greater deal over the past couple of years. It seems though however that in order to succeed and be prosperous, you have to be in big cities. In order to help out the rural side of this, the CCP has brought attention to this part by sending government representatives into these poverty filled areas. In addition, there are projects to add infrastructures which in turn gives better resources, as well as increased efforts and funding towards education in these rural areas.
2. C
3. The Wukan protests connect to the idea of democratization because the people have become aware of the corruption and have become discontent with the current situation of their local government. The people stood up, and used their voice to express their thoughts. Although this was a very small first step towards democratization, I think that this could spread from the rural to the urban areas/people eventually. There is a long way to real democratic progress, but it is beginning somewhere.
1. China's traditional history gives it the roots of a highly patriarchal society, and 1979's One Child Policy served to reinforce a gender cleavage. Chinese women have little control over their bodies, however in 2002 the use of force to make a woman submit to abortion/sterilization was outlawed.
Since almost all party-led reforms of the last century targeted China's major cities, rural China is much less developed, and there is a major social cleavage between the urban and rural populations. The state has implemented the Rural Retirement Social Insurance; a policy aimed to relieve the financial load of rural citizens with little to spare.
2. C
3. The events in Wukan represent small steps forward in the democratization of China because citizens chose to voice their discontent, and the CCP was forced to acknowledge them. Although the people of Wukan did not get the outcome they desired, their protests are evidence of the ever-weakening status of the CCP.
1. A major cleavage in china is the urban rural cleavage. Urban workers have great disdain for the rural migrants who come into cities for the necessity of money. The government has done many things to try to combat this, namely the Rural retirement Social Insurance program, which allows for all citizens to have a more comfortable retirement, eliminating some of the need for a larger income from the city. The government has also invested millions into education in rural areas, which may just increase the issues of rural migrants taking urban jobs.
2. C
3. The events in Wukan conveys how democratization is present even in china. Their actions were not directly pushing for democracy, but they still understood that under the CCP, they were not being treated fairly, and they needed to be heard.
1. One major cleavage in China is the growing economic disparity between urban China and rural areas. In an attempt to help the rural poor, the government created the Rural Retirement Social Insurance program that guarantees social security for all citizens. Additionally, the government is trying to improve the education in rural areas so that the poor can become educated and potentially get get better jobs.
2. C
3. Wukan connects to the concept of Democratization because poor people in rural China were protesting and taking a stand against the Communist government. They are the voice for millions of other Chinese who also have grievances with the government, but are too afraid to speak out against the CCP. There is a growing want for Democracy in China, and they may eventually reach it someday if more people start protesting the government.
1. In China there is a clear difference in the ideology of the older and younger generation, which results in a generational gap. The older generations have experienced the beginning of the CCP and do not expect many civil liberties or political freedoms. However, since the younger generation has begun to question this traditional ideology, they believe they deserve more of a voice. In order to maintain control, the CCP has adapted to the younger generation's changing views in order to stay in power. This can be seen in the movement to lesson the intensity of the one child movement and the legislation to ban forced abortions. However, it is important to note that the CCP may not actually believe in the the greater civil liberties they are allowing, they are simply making their party seem like the most adaptable and friendly in order to stay in power.
2. C
3. Wukan demonostrates the weakened authoritarian power of the CCP and heightened grass rooted democratic notions. This portest was led by citizens in rural areas, which very well could lead to protests in the cities as well. While this was a significant protest against the party in power and the villagers realize there is corruption, it is only a small step in the direction of democracy because the CCP can still censor all the information and try to contain the radical ideals in order to stay in power.
1. urban/rural: Financially, people from urban areas make nearly 3x the amount of yen then those from rural areas. According to china.org.cn, farmers earn 2,622 yuan (US$316.67)while those from cities earn 8,500 yuan (US$1,026.57.
2. C
3. I think Wukan connects to Democratization in China through the fact that the protesters were really angry with the CCP and their corruption. It was the first time the CCP lost control in that area, as the video says, so that gives an idea of how much hate the villagers had towards the CCP officials in that area.
1. A major social cleavage in China would be a cleavage between minority groups and the Han Chinese majority. The gap between the two has lead to large scale resentment of the Han Chinese by anyone who isn't Han Chinese. When I see this going on in China, it kind of brings me back to segregation. These ethnic minorities are essentially like African Americans in the 1960's in America. They have hard time finding work and fitting in because they are outsiders who are looked down upon by the majority of the population.
2. C
3. Wukan highlights the concept of democratization because the people were expressing their freedom of speech. This is something that they would have in the U.S. When the CCP cracks down on the people,they are squashing that freedom of speech. This shows that people in China are gradually become more sure of themselves, and that they are willing to stand up against the CCP. This could lead to larger crackdowns on freedom of speech by the Chinese Government.
1. In China, there is a large cleavage between the rural and urban communities. During the 1950s, collective farms were used which made the poor poorer and while things have improved since then, overall, those in rural areas are very localized and not and don't have access to the same technology and products that those in urban areas have. Those in urban areas have more opportunities to be in profitable jobs like business and make their way up the economic ladder that has emerged in China. Because of this difference in opportunity and access, the gap between these two groups of people is continuing to widen. In the 1990s, China allowed those in urban areas to basically mortgage their house so they could use its worth for their own benefit, but for those in rural areas, this opportunity just became an option in the last two years and it is still a very new idea. In 2008, farmers began to gain rights for their own land, which in the past had remained under local rule even after the end of collective farming.
2. C
3. The conflict in Wukan demonstrates democratization because you see the hold of the Authoritarian CCP weakening as well as people standing up for their rights and fighting for them. Often times for democratization to occur the old regime has to be overthrown and while this is just a small step in the grand scheme of things, this seems to be a step in that direction.
1.) A social cleavage in China would be the economic gap between urban and rural communities. There is unrest between the elite urban Chinese and the rural chinese that are migrating into cities to seek economic opportunity. A response to this from the Chinese government is the Rural Retirement Social Insurance Program. This program lowered the necessity for rural workers to seek economic improvement in the urban communities because they would be supported for retirement.
2.) C
3.) The events taking place in Wukan are an example of steps being taken towards democratization, because the rural community was establishing their right to free speech and weakening the CCP. In doing so they uncover a sort of vulnerability in the powerful government. This could lead to further small steps being taken toward large scale democratization.
1. The ethnic minorities versus the Han Chinese has lead to a lot of tension and resentment of the Han Chinese.China has used force in the past to quell riots that have occurred. China has attempted to stop communication of the ethnic minority regions in the country.
2. C.
3. Wukan illustrates a bit of how China is becoming more democratic, and weakening the power of the CCP. This protest was led by rural Chinese against communism. Unfortunately, the Chinese internet censored all of the information about Wukan.
1. The Urban/Rural is one of major social cleavages in China right now. Rural China has been ignored since the beginnings of China's economic liberalization process, while urban China continues to prosper from the market economy. People from rural China have to struggle so much just to make ends meet and it isn't fair to them that they always get put on China's backseat.
2. C
3. Wukan connects to democratization because the people of Wukan are trying to find their voice within their political system and this could led to a possible up rise in hopes of turning China into a more democratic nation.
1)Within China, the economic disparity between the urban regions and the rural hinterlands is a huge social cleavage. The disparity of wealth has resulted in protests by farmers and workers over the distribution of money among the people. The origin of this increased urban versus rural social gap is the CCP's focus solely on the growth of major cities, education, healthcare, and welfare while the rural regions of China were left in disparity. Chinese rulers, after Mao, desired to increase the economy through foreign investment, industry and manufacturing for a global economy, which left the rural farmers in communes or state-provided farming plots. This neglect of the farmers caused a huge rift of income in which it was far more prosperous to immigrate to a city. Furthermore, although the Party has attempted to ease the gap by removing these communes, instituting TVE's and providing subsidies to the rural farmers, the growth of cities under China's second industrialization continues to fuel the economic cleavage.
2)C
3)The events in Wukan demonstrates a movement towards democratization because it is an illustration of the weakening or limitation of the CCP. The ability for the rural population to express contempt towards the party and have free speech are small steps to democracy. Even though the free speech was suppressed by the party, the people's movement against corruption shows a greater movement towards the accountability of the Party.
1. The biggest social cleavage in China is between the rural and urban areas. Due to industrialization and many other factors, most of the wealth is saturated in th cities, making it hard for rural farmers to make a living. Agriculture is a necessary part of a countries' economy; the Chinese need to find a way to support rural farmers.
2. C
3. Wukan illustrates the belief that some Chinese have for change. Similar to other countries of rapid urban growth, it is hard to say what is equal socially and economically. However, a more socialist approach is present, fighting for the rural areas.
1. While the one child policy has attempted to help with the vast gender cleavage in China, the gape is still huge. Females are still less desired, but there are laws coming into place that criminalized sex-selective abortions.
2. C
3. Wukan shows some of the democratization in China as Chinese citizens voice their opinions on corruption int he government. These protests show that in rural areas the CCP's power is weakening and could lead to a significant step forward in the government.
1. One major cleavage within China is the urban/rural gap. Urban city dwellers tend to have much more disposable income that rural farmers. In addition, this cleavage is exacerbated by the fact that people living in either rural or urban environments are also usually separated by ethnicity. To borrow from Kayla's post, the Rural Retirement Social Insurance program was a major step in promoting the progress of rural farmers as well as urban citizens. This program allowed for a better educational system, and a more comprehensive loan system to small farmers with little disposable income.
2. C
3. Wukan certainly displays many elements of democratization. They are weakening the strong hold of the authoritarian regime in place, and have successfully managed to govern themselves for at least the time being by a democratic social system. However, the success of this protest is limited because the authoritarian regime has managed to stem the flow of the story of Wukan to other areas of the country,
1. Ethnic/Rural Cleavages have divided the Chinese people. More recently people have moved to the major metropolitan areas to find work because working in the countryside is considered low class. The 1998 Organic Village Laws which promoted self governance in Chinese rural villages.
Another policy has been the implementation of incentives for investment in Chinese rural land.
2. C
3. Wukan displays some elements of China's efforts towards a true democracy. The Chinese government is attempting to implement aspects of democracy while maintaining their communist ideologies. The protest described in the video in citizens speaking out on their beliefs. The people of rural China deserve recognition for their opinions and their fight against corruption and inequality. Their protest was quieted by police proving that China has a long way to go towards true democracy.
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