First, The Economist's Latin American corespondent fills us in on the legislative accomplishments so far and the bigger reform plans of the Presidente.
Pena Nieto's Reforms
Second, read the analysis of experts from the conservative leaning Brookings Institute. Pena Nieto's PRI was the one-party dominant for 70+ years until PAN President's Fox and Calderon won in 2000 and 2006. They are centrist of the three major Mexican parties, but also deeply traditionally rooted in the patron-client relationships.
First 100 Days Report Card
Finally, imagine a Mexican Soap Opera on Telemudo, would you think there would be scandals surrounding the Mexican President. By the way, Fox and Calderon were scandal free (mostly) but maybe less effective in their governing?
5 weird things about the Mexican President
By the end of the day Friday for grade (but you should look at this stuff before Friday's test) give me in the comment section:
3 -- Three quotes from the texts (including the video) and tell me what they tell you.
2 -- Give me 1 accomplishment and 1 challenge facing Pena Nieto.
1 -- Rate the Mexican President as compared the the other Chief Executives we have studied: Obama; Cameron; Putin and Jinping Xi.
Mexico Institute Election's Guide
20 comments:
1. “Teachers passed on their jobs to their kids, family members, etc…before tests for teachers’ capability was unrecorded and held no weight. Now, the reforms should help this.” Quote from the video. Right now in Mexico, there is no record of how many teachers there are and no effective system to test the capability of teachers. The teachers are not only unchecked in how they do their job, but also how they attain their job. Thus far, it has been a spoils system. Nieto’s reforms on the education system are vital in order to produce more educated young adults that can get higher paying jobs, revitalize the economy, etc.
“The most striking change in Mexico during the first 100 days of the Peña Nieto government is the extent to which the presidency has begun to regain some of the power lost during the first 12 years of democratic governance in Mexico.” Nieto came from the PRI, a party that was in power for over 70 years and many people had doubts their corrupt ways had changed. However, Nieto has used his position to take on four basic, but necessary reforms, which thus far have accepted by the people quite well. By immediately trying to get legislation passed, he avoids a lot of the gridlock in Congress that will come later in the presidency. For now, many agree Nieto is a stable leader, who will bring a lot of great change.
“…a slogan that said ‘Unfaithful to his family. Faithful and committed to his country’” The adultery site that Nieto had an account on ran this slogan during his election. Nieto definitely used Chris Matthew’s strategy of hang a lantern on your problems by turning this immoral act into a campaign technique. Apparently it worked since he is the current president; however, I doubt this would work in the United States.
2. One accomplishment of Nieto in his first 100 days is his ability to already have four main reforms that were talked about in the Economist. He already has legislation being passed or passed in the legislature, which is pretty impressive considering the gridlock that the Mexican legislature is usually in.
One challenge Nieto faces is the point that he ran with the promise to fix energy problems and taxes, but now he is focusing on education and telecommunications. While he is accomplishing a lot of necessary reforms in the social sector, the economy of Mexico is struggling. Therefore, many believe he should be putting his effort and power toward economic reform before the state falls into another debt crisis.
3. During Obama’s first 100 days, he passed a couple of reform acts in attempt to gain support for his economic stimulus passage. After the first 100 days, Obama still had 65% approval rating, which shows people still had faith in him. This is similar to Nieto, many believe he can accomplish a lot, but Nieto does already have more reforms in place than Obama did. Compared to Putin, who during the first 100 days revealed many of his policy priorities and set the tone for the remainder of his term. Putin has reaffirmed his grip on power in Russia by asserting control over the energy sector, reinforcing Russia’s power vertical, and weakening oversight institutions. This seems very similar to Nieto’s reforms in which he has regained some of the power that the presidency had lost in the past 12 years. However, for the rest of the term, Nieto will begin to encounter more legislative tension because the PRI lost power in Congress, where Putin basically leads the Congress. David Cameron had an explosive first 100 days. His reforms included building schools for the future, child trust fund, council funding, strategic health authorities, justice system, and regional development agencies. Therefore, Cameron did accomplish more in his first 100 days and did so without the scandal that Nieto is facing. Therefore, I would deem Cameron more successful at the beginning of his term than any other leaders we have studied. In China, official media praised Xi’s first 100 days in office and his focus on the “Chinese Dream” as well as people’s livelihood issues like health, education, property prices and corruption. There were several key committee meetings that took place that tackled these controversial issues; therefore he is much like Nieto who focused on the social aspect rather than economic issues. The difference, however, is that China has a sound and growing economy, while Mexico is in a decline. Nieto and Jinping Xi were similar in policy.
1. "People are surprised at the pace of reforms". I think that is surprising because it's almost as if the Mexican people were not expecting so many reforms to be in motion under President Nieto's rule.
"No official record of how many teachers are in Mexico...they pass on their jobs to their children." I find that a bit surprising because in my opinion, the Mexican officials should be more active in knowing everything about the education system. They should be able to take this info and further improve education in Mexico because the children are the future.
"People who failed the (teacher) test happily continued their job". This goes along with the second quote. The Mexican board of education isn't being serious enough about education. They issue tests for teachers countrywide but don't do anything if the teacher failed the test. This shows a lack of urgency in improving the education system.
2. An accomplishment of President Nieto would be his oil reforms. He has spearheaded Mexico's campaign to become a worldwide leader in oil. The Mexican economy is on the verge of its greatest economic transformation in a century.
I think the biggest challenge facing President Nieto is still the drug cartel battle. He still hasn't been able to get that situation under control and it doesn't help that the cartel has corrupted many of the governmental officials and law enforcers.
3. I think President Nieto is quite similar President Obama. Both of them brought a lot of promises to their respected countries. Both are/were very popular in their campaign. They also shared a drop in their popularity after their first year. Pena Nieto had a 54% approval rate the beginning of his campaign which dropped to 50% a year later. Obama had a 69% approval rate at one point which has dropped to 44% recently. They both haven't been able to live up as well to their hype and promises and that really reflects in their approval rates.
1a. "Nieto arrested and criminally charged the head of the teachers union" nieto isnt afraid to use force to achieve his goals, and he isnt afraid of relatiation
1b. "Nieto will have moved Mexico forward more progressively than anyone since NAFTA" Nieto has a big impact on Mexico's future, and he is making sure to shape it correctly
1c. "extent to which the presidency has begun to regain some of the power it lost" Nieto is a strong president so far, and he will continue to strengthen and bring stability to an important position of pwoer
2. Nieto has accomplished a massive education reform that allows for teachers to acually get jobs and teach. one challenge that still faces nieto is the continuing drug related violence left by Calderon
3. i would rate Nieto ahead of Putin and maybe just the tinest bit behind of Xi Jinping and then obama and then cameron
1. "One of his goals is to efficiently end monopolies." This depicts Mexico's grasp on the communication industry, and how it is interrelated to the Mexican political sphere. Nieto is trying to pull the industry out of private share owners and put it in the hands of a public institution to make sure that it will start some industrial change.
"The government is looking at domestic political change, and social change instead of energy" I believe this is important because this instigates a notion that the presidency is promoting change for the people, instead of big corporations.
"The government wants credible reform without changing the constitution." This again echoes the idea that the leadership wants to strengthen the idea of legitimacy and make sure it doesn't taint the image of politics.
2. One accomplishment of Nieto is that he is focused on bringing substantial change for the everyday citizen. Yes, it is important to change the overbearing image of the monopolies, but it is just as important to give education reform that would effect every child.
One challenge might be his lack of timely reform, and pushing back reform. Nothing says "I cannot multi-task" like pushing back important legislation.
3. I don't think I could place Nieto between these leaders. They are ALL facing different circumstances. One is not better than the other. I think there is no way to accurately rate him because Mexico deals with different types of pros and cons.
1. - "One is whether the
government thinks it is possible to achieve
a credible reform without changing the
Constitution." This shows how difficult legal reform is in Mexico, if it must amend the constitution if it hopes to be seen as legitimate and worth following.
- " Teachers passed on their jobs to their kids, family members, etc…before tests for teachers’ capability was unrecorded and held no weight." This is telling of how deeply troubled the Mexican education system is. Nieto's reforms stand to revitalize the Mexican economy for decades to come if he is successful.
-"One of his goals is to efficiently end monopolies." This is clearly seen in his numerous attacks on the telecomm industry, and personally I believe this is a good step for the Mexican economy.
2. One accomplishment of Nieto in his first 100 days has been the speed with which he has been able to instigate four crucial reforms, this is especially impressive due to the usual gridlock that plagues the Mexican legislature.
On challenge that Nieto's presidency faces is the continued war on drugs, and the stance he will have to take in order to calm the vilence.
3. Compared the other executive branches we have studied in this class, I see Nieto falling in a very healthy spot for a democratically elected president. Unlike Putin and Jingping, Nieto's was fairly elected president which reinforces my belief that his reforms are centered upon what is best for Mexico. Comparing Nieto to Cameron and Obama is more difficult seeing as all three face different challenges but similar legislative gridlock, which is why I see these 3 as comparable.
1. President Nieto in my oppinion is probably one of the most successful of the modern world leaders. While other world leaders have evoked changed, Nieto seems to be one of the most effective, especially in his first 100 days of reform.
2. I would say one of Nieto's biggest accomplishments is his economic reforms that broke up monopolies, which in turn should free up Mexico's market. One of his greatest challenges is the War on Drugs, which it seems impossible to stop, yet it still seems like Mexico isn't doing nearly enough.
3. "Marked a real departure from the previous government"
-Shows how he has actually done stuff, not mired by bureaucracy.
"Teachers have sold their jobs"
-Shows how badly Mexico's education needed reform.
"This new bill seeks to break up monopolies"
-This should help free up Mexico's economy, which should hopefully lead to a better Mexican economy.
3) a. Video mentioned that Nieto has formed a sort of coalition government with the other to parties, the PAN and the PRD, in order to pass reforms such as education reform. I think that this is a big deal because it shows that Mexico is willing to work as one for at least a little bit to achieve goals that need to be achieved. I think it shows all three party's commitment to their country, at least for now.
b. "I can appreciate that domestic political and social interests became a higher priority for whatever reason, but it is incomprehensible that at this late stage the government does not put forward its plans for tax and ener- gy reform." This quote shows that although Mexico is making progress, it still has a long way to go. Its economy is clearly still struggling and its debt is not shrinking as it needs to be. It will be interesting to see how the government handles the economic reforms that need to be taken care of.
c. "Enrique Peña Nieto will likely survive the post-election scandal brewing about his party, the PRI, having bought and given away more than $5 million of gift cards in exchange for votes," This quote is interesting because it shows how corruption is still a huge problem in Mexico. Even the current president is not free from corruption scandal. This is unheard of in more democratic countries such as the U.S. It seems even ridiculous to consider that this occurred in Mexico. The country has a lot of work to do if they want to root out corruption.
2) 1 Accomplishment- Nieto has successfully avoided much legislative gridlock by passing legislation early on in his term and by forming a kind of coalition government between the three main Mexican parties.
1 Challenge- Nieto will face challenges of corruption and scandal that he has brought upon himself. One cannot help but question whether scandals such as his adultery and buying of votes will overshadow any success he has as Mexico's president.
1) Compared to other country leaders, Nieto seems to be somewhere in the middle. He is not as undemocratic as Putin and Jinping Xi, but at the same time he is not as democratic as Obama or Cameron.
1. A. "He seems to be taking on some of the interests that his party is close to.." This shows that Nieto is not afraid to work for the people and not just his party. This is very important because that is what is needed to turn Mexico around.
B. "The phone and the internet market is almost entirely sewn up by America Mobile." It seems that some companies have a monopoly over certain aspects of the Mexican media. This means that one or two companies can control what is shown to the Mexican public on the news. Not good.
C. "These reforms are going to his many mexican's in their pockets." It will be interesting to see how many supporters Nieto will have when he increases taxes by a lot to pay for his reforms. Will the people understand that progress needs to be mad, or will they be upset and become angry with him because they are losing their hard earned cash?
2. Accomplishment: Nieto passed the education reform act and that will significantly impact how educated people are in Mexico. Better teachers and schools means smarter workers, and that will definitely impact the Mexican economy.
3. I think that Nieto is the best world leader out of the 4. He is getting a lot of things done in a country that is dealing with a lot of horrible issues. There is practically a civil war going on in Mexico right now, and it has already cost 50,000 lives and counting. Nieto has the most difficult job ahead of him out of the 4, and it will be interesting to see whether he can weather the storm or not. I think Obama is next because the United States are very hard to run. Obama has to deal with a lot of morality issue that concern the American public a great deal. Gay marriage and the legalization of weed are both on his plate. He is under the microscope a lot more than any of the other leaders internally because he is the president of such a media driven and dominant country. Putin and Jinping Xi are tied for last because they essentially run communist societies and they really do not have to worry about public opinion. If they do not like someone, then poof, and they disappear and nobody inside that country questions it. Obama and Nieto have to actually worry about what their own country thinks about them, and I believe that they are dealing with more testing things than Putin and Jingping Xi.
1.
a. "The government will take steps to reduce its dependence on oil revenue with a fiscal reform, raising taxes, and other things. Am I right in thinking that these two reforms are much more politically difficult than education or telecom?" This quote from the Economist video reaffirms the pervasive power of the caramillas in Mexican politics. Money and corporatism has been and still is the most powerful way of running the government.
b. "'Internal divisions in the PAN and PRD might well interfere with the government's ability to hold the various factions together for the two thirds majority it needs to pass constitutional changes.'" Like we have talked before about in class, Mexico has a three party estate. Though an alliance(Pact for Mexico) has recently been drawn, Nieto must work to draw all three parties together. If not, gridlock will be Mexico's ultimate downfall.
c. "Pena Nieto's proposal for managing the debts of state and local governments will return to the federal government a significant degree of fiscal control it had previously abdicated." Although Nieto has been more liberal with his reforms on telecommunication and education, this shift back to a more centralized government shows how the PRI has taken on a more moderate lead on their policies.
2. Pena Nieto immediately launched his initiative for education reform the day he took office. His exuberance and drive to reform sectors such as media, education and labor are attributes that previous leaders lacked. This momentum may be what revitalizes and improves Mexico. Still a major obstacle of Nieto's is making sure he has a strong rule of law. Corruption and corporatism runs so many facets of Mexican life and politics. If Nieto does not find a way to block these undermining forces, his reforms will never bear meaning.
3. It is hard to rate Nieto when he is being compared to these four other world leaders. Each of them face different issues and deal with culture that deems some actions worthy and others unconstitutional. Sure, he isn't causing international tensions like Putin is. Nor has had the experience of being a national leader like Cameron and Obama. I would say that he and Xi Jinping are on equal footing in the idea that they are relatively new to their position and both have idealistic and hopeful endeavors. I cannot possibly rate him though because even if he is "better" than Obama, would his tactics and leadership apply if he was the president of the United States? No. He has done remarkable work to provide positive change for Mexico, but so has the other world leaders in different ways. Overall, he is not the worst leader, but it is too soon to say that he is the best.
1a. “The most striking change in Mexico during the first 100 days of the Peña Nieto government is the extent to which the presidency has begun to regain some of the power lost during the first 12 years of democratic governance in Mexico.” The Mexican people have great confiedence with their new leader. With the new reforms he has been trying to pass, he has gained the people's trust.
1b. "People are surprised at the pace of reforms". The mexican people were not expecting these new forms right away. So they are stunned and hopeful for a better life.
1c. "One of his goals is to efficiently end monopolies." A monopoly is exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices. Mexico needs to get out of the monopoly and focus on joining together with other countries to fix the problems.
2. Nieto has successfuly created the teacher reform to allow teachers to work. Nieto has also done great things for the oil industry. Nieto does need to work on the violence and the drug cartels that harm the border of Mexico.
3. Nieto would not be ranked in this category compared to these other leaders. He is to new to his presidency and still has a lot to do for Mexico.
1. "The delay of the tax and energy reform, being the two most important economic reforms, is most unfortunate. It would appear that the gov- ernment does not appreciate how bad it may be raising high-level business expectations and then not delivering on time." This is important, because while he has tackled some reforms, the important ones remain and thus people are concerned that he won't continue to be as productive as he has been.
"..has excellent political instincts and he understands building momentum to accomplish his political goals." This is important because it is a political strategy Pena Nieto is using to get support for the more difficult reforms he has planned. If he can be productive and get people to back him and be excited about what he's doing, the rest will come more smoothly.
"In recent years we have seen a real legislative paralysis.." (video) This is important because Pena Nieto has already been moving away from this and the previous government and the fact that he has passed anything yet is a sign of success.
2. 1 accomplishment is the fact he has passed education reform and is in the process of forming reform within the telecommunications. 1 challenge will be passing the difficult reforms of energy and taxes which he has kinda been avoiding by doing the "easier" reforms first.
3. I think he has the popularity Obama first had, but has legislature that seems to be cooperating better than the US legislature has been lately. He won a legitimate election, so he is different than Putin and Jinping, but he has a shady past that could be compared (possibly?) to Putin. Like Cameron, he has formed somewhat of a coalition between parties, which is good in a sense of compromise. Overall it's hard to rate him because there are so many different factors, and in different things he would place differently in comparison to these other countries.
1a. "Delay of the tax and energy
reform, being the two most
important economic reforms, is most unfortunate." I thought this was really surprising, bashing Nieto right away when he is dealing with more internal issues. What this tells me is Nieto's focus on internal affairs and trying to get away from the previous PRI dictatorship.
1B. "The new bill seeks to review this buy breaking up those monopolies." (talking about Telefónica and other companies). this quote tells me that Nieto is looking to try and regain some power from private industries, whether he puts the power back to the people or keeps it state owned like the old PRI.
1C. "The interest represented by the industry are more closely tied to some of the parties."(this quote is about the opening up of the oil company) This is interesting because that include Nieto's own party and they would be giving up a large amount of money. I would like to see if Nieto follows through on this plan.
2. The greatest accomplishment is his education reform. I think this will go a long way into improving education and preventing corruption, that is created by the Patron-client system. His greatest challenge coming up is to determine what kind of government they want to have. If they go back to their quiet dictatorship I think this will create a huge amount of protests and world wide support for the rebels. This is due to the large amounts of countries fighting for democracy.
3.i think he is doing fine so far, but we will see later on if him and his party will return to the old regime. I would rate him ahead of all but Cameron and Obama because of how promising his future could be and how he has done so far.
1. "One is whether the
government thinks it is possible to achieve
a credible reform without changing the
Constitution." - This quote depicts the difficulty Mexico is having to implement reforms but through this difficulty, they cannot afford to change the Constitution because it reflects poorly on the legitimacy of the government.
"One of his goals is to efficiently end monopolies." - Nieto is trying to pull in more of the public sector than the private sector to allow his reforms to actually occur. It'll definitely be a good step for the economy.
"I can appreciate that domestic political and social interests became a higher priority for whatever reason, but it is incomprehensible that at this late stage the government does not put forward its plans for energy reform." - This quote makes complete sense because Mexico hasn't gotten to the stage where it can discuss environmental, tax, or energy reform. Right now they must focus on the other reforms.
2. One accomplishment is that he is really looking at how to brighten Mexico's future and has focused a lot on crucial education reforms. One challenge are the many scandals he is apparently involved in.
3. I'm not sure if you can really rate these leaders because they all adapt to the stage their country is in. The US and UK are definitely not in the same stage Mexico and China are, therefore a comparison doesn't really seem fair. However, if really needed to, Nieto would be in the middle because he isn't at the level of Obama or Cameron yet but he's definitely now where close to as terrible as Putin.
1. "People are surprised at the pace of reforms" This tells you that the people don't expect much out of a leader, and weather or not they want it is still unclear.
“The most striking change in Mexico during the first 100 days of the Peña Nieto government is the extent to which the presidency has begun to regain some of the power lost during the first 12 years of democratic governance in Mexico." The presidency is supposed to be a very powerful position, but with the PRI's rule, they let the power slip. Now, the original intentions of the mexican government are returning.
"Nieto will have moved Mexico forward more progressively than anyone since NAFTA" Nieto is the first truly progressive president, as he is getting reforms passed.
2. One accomplishment of Nieto is the education reform, which is allowing teaches to have job security, and have a reason to want to be a teacher. A challenge still facing Nieto is of course the drug cartels. With so many people involved in the producing and shipping of the drugs, the government has lost almost all power in some areas to more powerful drug lords.
3. I think he is better than Putin and Obama for sure, considering that Putin is turning russia back to communism and Obama just doesn't know what to do about anything. But he is still on quite the same level as Cameron, considering they both have tried to get reform passed in their countries.
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